Cirugía radioguiada con semillas de yodo-125 en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante / Radioguided surgery with iodine-125 seeds in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilización de las semillas radiactivas de yodo-125 (SRI-125) en la cirugía de mama o axila, en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante (QtNeo).Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, entre enero del 2016 y junio del 2020; 80 mujeres T1-3, N0-2, M0: 30 marcaje SRI-125 del tumor en mama, 36 tanto del tumor como del ganglio axilar positivo biopsiado, y 14 solo de axila. Edad: 54,7±11,4 años. Tamaño tumoral: 34,1±14,6mm. Tipo histológico: ductal infiltrante 90,0%. Subtipos moleculares: luminal-A 23,8%; luminal-B/HER2- 33,7%; luminal-B/HER2+ 18,8%; HER2+ 7,5%; triple negativo 16,2%.Resultados: De las 66 pacientes con marcaje SRI-125 del tumor (51 pre-QtNeo, 15 post-QtNeo), el 92,1% presentaba márgenes quirúrgicos libres, con un volumen de las piezas de 126,7±111,2 cm3. De las 5 reintervenciones, en 3 la ampliación fue positiva (una mastectomía).De las 50 pacientes N1 con marcaje SRI-125 (GM), 44 pre-QtNeo y 6 post-QtNeo, se identificó el GM en el 97,2%: negativo en 23, positivo en 26. En 45 se realizó biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela y se identificó en el 93,3%: negativo en 26, positivo en 16. En un caso la SRI-125 no se colocó correctamente y tampoco se localizó GC por no migración.En el 61,9% de las pacientes el GM se encontraba entre el/los GC identificados en la cirugía. En 5 pacientes, con GC y GM no coincidentes, el resultado anatomopatológico del GC fue negativo y el GM positivo. En 53,8% de las pacientes se realizó linfadenectomía axilar. Conclusión: Las SRI-125 permiten realizar cirugía conservadora de la mama y mejorar la detección de enfermedad residual axilar, en pacientes tratadas con QtNeo (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the use of radioactive iodine-125 seed (RIS) in breast and/or axillary surgery, in patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).Material and methods: Prospective study between January 2016 and June 2020. 80 women T1-3,N0-2,M0: 30 RIS marking the breast tumor, 36 both the tumor and the biopsied positive axillary node, and 14 only the axilla. Age: 54.7±11.4 years. Tumor size: 34.1±14.6mm. Histological type: invasive ductal carcinoma 90.0%. Molecular subtypes: luminal-A 23.8%, luminal-B/HER2- 33.7%, luminal-B/HER2+ 18.8%, HER2+ 7.5%, basal-like 16,2%.Results: Of the 66 patients with RIS marking of the tumor (51 pre-NAC, 15 post-NAC), 92.1% had tumor-free surgical margins, with a specimen volume of 126.7±111.2 cm3. Of the 5 second local excisions, in 3 the resection margin was involved (1 mastectomy).Of the 50 patients N1 with RIS marking (MLN), 44 pre-NAC and 6 post-NAC, MLN was identified in 97.2%: negative 23, positive 26. In 45/50 patients, sentinel node biopsy (SNB) was performed and it was identified in 93.3%: negative 26, positive 16. In 1 case RIS was not placed correctly and SNB was not identified due to non-migration.In 61.9% of the patients, MLN was among the SNB identified in the surgery. In 5 patients with mismatched SNB and MLN, the pathological result of the SNB was negative and the MLN was positive. Axillary lymph node dissection was performed in 53.8% of the patients.Conclusion: RIS allow to perform breast-conserving surgery and improve detection of residual axillary disease in patients treated with NAC (AU)

Radioguided surgery with iodine-125 seeds in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of radioactive iodine-125 seed (RIS) in breast and/or axillary surgery, in patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study between January 2016 and June 2020. 80 women T1-3,N0-2,M0: 30 RIS marking the breast tumor, 36 both the tumor and the biopsied positive axillary node, and 14 only the axilla. Age: 54.7 ±â€¯11.4 years. Tumor size: 34.1 ±â€¯14.6 mm. Histological type: invasive ductal carcinoma 90.0%. Molecular subtypes: luminal-A 23.8%, luminal-B/HER2- 33.7%, luminal-B/HER2+ 18.8%, HER2+ 7.5%, basal-like 16,2%. RESULTS: Of the 66 patients with RIS marking of the tumor (51 pre-NAC, 15 post-NAC), 92.1% had tumor-free surgical margins, with a specimen volume of 126.7 ±â€¯111.2 cm3. Of the 5 s local excisions, in 3 the resection margin was involved (1 mastectomy). Of the 50 patients N1 with RIS marking (MLN), 44 pre-NAC and 6 post-NAC, MLN was identified in 97.2%: negative 23, positive 26. In 45/50 patients, sentinel node biopsy (SNB) was performed and it was identified in 93.3%: negative 26, positive 16. In 1 case RIS was not placed correctly and SNB was not identified due to non-migration. In 61.9% of the patients, MLN was among the SNB identified in the surgery. In 5 patients with mismatched SNB and MLN, the pathological result of the SNB was negative and the MLN was positive. Axillary lymph node dissection was performed in 53.8% of the patients. CONCLUSION: RIS allow to perform breast-conserving surgery and improve detection of residual axillary disease in patients treated with NAC.

Radioguided surgery with iodine-125 seeds in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. / Cirugía radioguiada con semillas de yodo-125 en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of radioactive iodine-125 seed (RIS) in breast and/or axillary surgery, in patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study between January 2016 and June 2020. 80 women T1-3,N0-2,M0: 30 RIS marking the breast tumor, 36 both the tumor and the biopsied positive axillary node, and 14 only the axilla. Age: 54.7±11.4 years. Tumor size: 34.1±14.6mm. Histological type: invasive ductal carcinoma 90.0%. Molecular subtypes: luminal-A 23.8%, luminal-B/HER2- 33.7%, luminal-B/HER2+ 18.8%, HER2+ 7.5%, basal-like 16,2%. RESULTS: Of the 66 patients with RIS marking of the tumor (51 pre-NAC, 15 post-NAC), 92.1% had tumor-free surgical margins, with a specimen volume of 126.7±111.2 cm3. Of the 5 second local excisions, in 3 the resection margin was involved (1 mastectomy). Of the 50 patients N1 with RIS marking (MLN), 44 pre-NAC and 6 post-NAC, MLN was identified in 97.2%: negative 23, positive 26. In 45/50 patients, sentinel node biopsy (SNB) was performed and it was identified in 93.3%: negative 26, positive 16. In 1 case RIS was not placed correctly and SNB was not identified due to non-migration. In 61.9% of the patients, MLN was among the SNB identified in the surgery. In 5 patients with mismatched SNB and MLN, the pathological result of the SNB was negative and the MLN was positive. Axillary lymph node dissection was performed in 53.8% of the patients. CONCLUSION: RIS allow to perform breast-conserving surgery and improve detection of residual axillary disease in patients treated with NAC.

Localización del ganglio axilar positivo biopsiado mediante semilla 125I tras linfadenectomía en paciente con cáncer de mama / Positive axillary lymph node localization by 125I seed after lymphadenectomy in breast cancer patient

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Procedimiento combinado de marcaje del ganglio axilar positivo biopsiado con semilla de yodo-125 y biopsia del ganglio centinela en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante / Combined procedure of marking axillary positive node with iodine-125 seed and sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

OBJETIVO: Presentar nuestra experiencia inicial en el procedimiento combinado de detección intraoperatoria del ganglio axilar positivo biopsiado marcado con semilla de 125I (GM) y biopsia del ganglio centinela (GC) después de quimioterapia neoadyuvante, en pacientes con cáncer de mama. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, enero de 2017 - marzo de 2019, 16 pacientes con cáncer de mama T1-3N1. Estadio TNM: II-A: 3, II-B: 10, III-A: 3. Tipo histológico ductal infiltrante: 14. Subtipos moleculares: luminal-A: 3, luminal-B: 9, HER2: 3, triple negativo: 1. El GM se marcó 227+/-36 días antes de iniciar la quimioterapia neoadyuvante (n: 10), o 1-6 días antes de la cirugía, sobre el ganglio previamente identificado con un marcador ecovisible tipo hidrogel (n: 3) o tridimensional-3D (n: 3). En 10 pacientes se realizó linfadenectomía axilar. RESULTADOS: GM y GC se identificaron en la cirugía en el 93,7% (15/16) de los casos, en 33,3% (5/15) GM no se encontraba entre los GC, y solo en una enferma (1/5) existió discrepancia entre el resultado de GM y GC (macrometástasis y negativo 0/2). Número medio ganglios GC: 2,2+/-0,9 (rango 1-3) y linfadenectomía axilar: 13,5+/-5,2 (rango 7-23). En todos los casos, el análisis anatomopatológico del GM, con semilla de 125I y/o marcador, predijo correctamente el estatus axilar posneoadyuvancia. En todas las pacientes se recuperó la semilla radiactiva de 125I. CONCLUSIONES: La colocación de semillas de 125I es una técnica factible para la localización intraoperatoria del ganglio positivo biopsiado en combinación con la biopsia del ganglio centinela. El resultado anatomopatológico del GM permite determinar el estatus axilar posneoadyuvancia

OBJECTIVE: To present our initial experience in the combined procedure of intraoperative detection of axillary positive node marked with 125I seed (ML) and sentinel node biopsy (SLN) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), in breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study, January 2017 - March 2019, 16 breast cancer patients T1-3N1. TNM stage: IIA: 3, IIB: 10, IIIA: 3. Histological type ductal invasive: 14. Molecular subtype: luminal A: 3, luminal B: 9, HER2: 3, basal like: 1. The ML was marked 227+/-36 days before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n: 10), or 1-6 days before surgery, on previously identified node by ultrasound visibility marker, hydrogel (n: 3) or three dimensional-3D (n: 3). Axillary lymphadenectomy was undertaken in 10 patients. RESULTS: ML and SLN were identified in the surgery in 93.7% (15/16) of the cases, in 33.3% (5/15) ML was not among SLN, and in only one patient (1/5) was there a discrepancy between the result of ML and SLN (macrometastases vs. negative 0/2). Median number of lymph nodes SLN: 2.2+/-0.9 (range 1-3) and AD: 13.5+/-5.2 (range 7-23). In all cases, histopathological analysis of ML, 125I seed and/or marker within, correctly predicted axillary status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In all patients the 125I radioactive seed was recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Placing of 125I seeds is a feasible technique for intraoperative location of axillary positive node combined with SLN. The histopathological result of ML allows the axillary status to be determined after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Arpón quirúrgico vs. semilla de iodo (125I) en la localización de lesiones no palpables malignas de mama. Resultados preliminares / Surgical clips vs. iodine-125 (125I) seeds for marking the location of nonpalpable malignant breast lesions: preliminary results

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar los resultados de la cirugía radioguiada mediante semillas de 125I como alternativa al arpón quirúrgico en pacientes con lesiones no palpables malignas de mama. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de cáncer de mama, con lesiones no palpables, candidatas a tratamiento quirúrgico durante 2015-2016. Las pacientes fueron asignadas de manera aleatoria al marcaje prequirúrgico con arpón metálico (grupo A) o con semilla (grupo B). En ambos grupos, el procedimiento fue guiado mediante ecografía y/o mamografía en función de las características de la lesión radiológica. Durante la cirugía se utilizó una sonda gammadetectora y, posteriormente, se comprobó mediante radiología la presencia de las semillas en las piezas quirúrgicas. Se realizó el análisis histológico de las piezas, considerando márgenes libres la ausencia de tumor en la tinta. Las variables analizadas fueron la edad de las pacientes y varias características de la lesión (lateralidad, tamaño medido por resonancia magnética y en la pieza quirúrgica, tipo radiológico y presencia de márgenes quirúrgicos libres). RESULTADOS: En el grupo A (n=53), los subtipos histológicos más frecuentes fueron el carcinoma ductal infiltrante (CDI, 84,9%) y el luminal A (LA, 49,1%); el tamaño medio lesional (TML=1,8cm). En el grupo B (n=45), los resultados fueron CDI=82,2%, LA=46,5%, TML=1,5 cm. En el grupo A, la tasa de márgenes afectados fue del 13,2% y la tasa de reintervenciones, de un 13,2% (p = 0,7), y en el grupo B, la tasa de márgenes afectados fue 11,4% y la tasa de reintervenciones, del 7,5% (p = 0,5). Los volúmenes de las piezas quirúrgicas fueron significativamente menores en el grupo B (V=128,68 cm3) que en el grupo A (V=189,37 cm3) (p <0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La utilización de semillas de 125I se ha mostrado como una técnica factible en la localización de lesiones no palpables de mama, mostrando diferencias significativas en el tamaño de las piezas quirúrgicas respecto al arpón

OBJECTIVES: To assess the usefulness of iodine-125 (125I) seeds as an alternative to surgical clips for marking the location of nonpalpable malignant breast lesions for surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included patients with histologically confirmed nonpalpable malignant lesions treated by surgery in 2015 or 2016. Patients were randomly assigned to presurgical marking with metallic clips (Group A) or with 125I seeds (Group B). In both groups, marking was guided by ultrasound and/or mammography depending on the radiologic characteristics of the lesion. During surgery, a gamma probe was used and afterward the presence of seeds in the surgical specimen was checked radiologically. In the histological analysis, the absence of tumor in the stain was considered free margins. We analyzed the following variables: age, lesion characteristics (laterality, mean size on MRI and in the surgical specimen, radiological type), and presence/absence of free margins. RESULTS: In Group A (n=53), the most common histologic subtypes were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC, 84.9%) and luminal A (LA, 49.1%); the mean size of the lesions was 1.8cm. In Group B (n=45), the most common histologic subtypes were IDC (82.2%) and LA (46.5%); the mean size of the lesions was 1.5cm. In Group A, 13.2% had involved margins and 13.2% underwent a second surgical intervention. In Group, B 11.4% had involved margins and 7.5% underwent a second surgical intervention. The differences between groups were not significant (p = 0.7 for involved margins and p = 0.5 for reintervention). The volume of the surgical specimens was significantly lower in Group B than in Group A (128.68cm3 vs. 189.37cm3; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using 125I seeds was feasible and enabled significantly smaller surgical specimens than using metallic clips

Surgical clips vs. iodine-125 (125I) seeds for marking the location of nonpalpable malignant breast lesions: preliminary results. / Arpón quirúrgico vs. semilla de iodo (125I) en la localización de lesiones no palpables malignas de mama. Resultados preliminares.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the usefulness of iodine-125 (125I) seeds as an alternative to surgical clips for marking the location of nonpalpable malignant breast lesions for surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included patients with histologically confirmed nonpalpable malignant lesions treated by surgery in 2015 or 2016. Patients were randomly assigned to presurgical marking with metallic clips (Group A) or with 125I seeds (Group B). In both groups, marking was guided by ultrasound and/or mammography depending on the radiologic characteristics of the lesion. During surgery, a gamma probe was used and afterward the presence of seeds in the surgical specimen was checked radiologically. In the histological analysis, the absence of tumor in the stain was considered free margins. We analyzed the following variables: age, lesion characteristics (laterality, mean size on MRI and in the surgical specimen, radiological type), and presence/absence of free margins. RESULTS: In Group A (n=53), the most common histologic subtypes were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC, 84.9%) and luminal A (LA, 49.1%); the mean size of the lesions was 1.8cm. In Group B (n=45), the most common histologic subtypes were IDC (82.2%) and LA (46.5%); the mean size of the lesions was 1.5cm. In Group A, 13.2% had involved margins and 13.2% underwent a second surgical intervention. In Group, B 11.4% had involved margins and 7.5% underwent a second surgical intervention. The differences between groups were not significant (p=0.7 for involved margins and p=0.5 for reintervention). The volume of the surgical specimens was significantly lower in Group B than in Group A (128.68cm3 vs. 189.37cm3; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using 125I seeds was feasible and enabled significantly smaller surgical specimens than using metallic clips.

Combined procedure of marking axillary positive node with iodine-125 seed and sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. / Procedimiento combinado de marcaje del ganglio axilar positivo biopsiado con semilla de yodo-125 y biopsia del ganglio centinela en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante.

OBJECTIVE: To present our initial experience in the combined procedure of intraoperative detection of axillary positive node marked with 125I seed (ML) and sentinel node biopsy (SLN) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), in breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study, January 2017 - March 2019, 16 breast cancer patients T1-3N1. TNM stage: IIA: 3, IIB: 10, IIIA: 3. Histological type ductal invasive: 14. Molecular subtype: luminal A: 3, luminal B: 9, HER2: 3, basal like: 1. The ML was marked 227±36 days before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n: 10), or 1-6 days before surgery, on previously identified node by ultrasound visibility marker, hydrogel (n: 3) or three dimensional-3D (n: 3). Axillary lymphadenectomy was undertaken in 10 patients. RESULTS: ML and SLN were identified in the surgery in 93.7% (15/16) of the cases, in 33.3% (5/15) ML was not among SLN, and in only one patient (1/5) was there a discrepancy between the result of ML and SLN (macrometastases vs. negative 0/2). Median number of lymph nodes SLN: 2.2±0.9 (range 1-3) and AD: 13.5±5.2 (range 7-23). In all cases, histopathological analysis of ML, 125I seed and/or marker within, correctly predicted axillary status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In all patients the 125I radioactive seed was recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Placing of 125I seeds is a feasible technique for intraoperative location of axillary positive node combined with SLN. The histopathological result of ML allows the axillary status to be determined after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Semillas de 125I en la localización de lesiones no palpables en pacientes con cáncer de mama / 125I radioactive seed localization for non-palpable lesions in breast cancer

OBJETIVO: El marcaje de lesiones no palpables en cáncer de mama mediante semillas de 125I es una alternativa al arpón quirúrgico. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados obtenidos con el uso de semillas de 125I frente a la que era la técnica de referencia en nuestro centro, el arpón quirúrgico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo en el que se incluyen pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de cáncer de mama, con lesiones no palpables, candidatas a tratamiento quirúrgico primario en las que se realizó marcaje con semilla de 125I (2016-2018) y con arpón (2015-2016). Se realizó análisis histopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica determinando la existencia de bordes afectos. Se calculó el volumen de la pieza quirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 146 pacientes, 95 a las que se les realizó tumorectomía guiada con semilla de 125I y 51 con arpón. El volumen cubo medio de las piezas resecadas fue de 135,67cm3 vs.190,77cm3 (p = 0,017). El volumen ortoedro fue de 58,75cm3 vs.80,60cm3 (p = 0,003). Once de las pacientes marcadas con semillas presentaron afectación de bordes (11,6%) frente a 7 (13,2%) del grupo arpón (p = 0,084). Se realizó reescisión en 9 de las pacientes marcadas con semillas y en 7 del grupo arpón (p = 0,49). CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de semillas de 125I es factible en la localización de lesiones no palpables de mama, con una baja tasa de reintervención y volúmenes de piezas quirúrgicas significativamente inferiores a los obtenidos con arpón

AIM: Marking of non-palpable breast lesions with 125I radioactive seeds is an alternative to the use of the surgical wire. The objective of this work is to present the results that we have obtained using radioactive seed localization compared to the reference technique in our center, the wire localization of non-palpable breast lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Longitudinal prospective study that includes patients with histological diagnostic of breast cancer, with non-palpable lesions that are candidates to primary surgical treatment by radioactive seed localization (2016-2018) and by wire localization (2015-2016). Histological analysis of the surgical specimen was performed determining the status of surgical margins. The volume of the surgical specimen was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were included, 95 who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization and 51 by wire localization. The mean cube volume of the specimens were 135.67cm3 vs.190.77cm3 (p = 0.017), respectively. Eleven patients who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization showed affected margins of the specimen (11.6%), versus 7 (13.2%) of wire localization group (p = 0.084). Reintervention was performed in 9 of the patients marked with seeds and in 7 marked with wires (p = 0.49). CONCLUSION: The use of 125I radioactive seeds is feasible in non-palpable breast lesions, with a low rate of reintervention and volumes of surgical specimens significantly lower than those obtained by wire localization

125I radioactive seed localization for non-palpable lesions in breast cancer. / Semillas de 125I en la localización de lesiones no palpables en pacientes con cáncer de mama.

AIM: Marking of non-palpable breast lesions with 125I radioactive seeds is an alternative to the use of the surgical wire. The objective of this work is to present the results that we have obtained using radioactive seed localization compared to the reference technique in our center, the wire localization of non-palpable breast lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Longitudinal prospective study that includes patients with histological diagnostic of breast cancer, with non-palpable lesions that are candidates to primary surgical treatment by radioactive seed localization (2016-2018) and by wire localization (2015-2016). Histological analysis of the surgical specimen was performed determining the status of surgical margins. The volume of the surgical specimen was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were included, 95 who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization and 51 by wire localization. The mean cube volume of the specimens were 135.67cm3 vs. 190.77cm3 (p=0.017), respectively. Eleven patients who underwent surgery by radioactive seed localization showed affected margins of the specimen (11.6%), versus 7 (13.2%) of wire localization group (p=0.084). Reintervention was performed in 9 of the patients marked with seeds and in 7 marked with wires (p=0.49). CONCLUSION: The use of 125I radioactive seeds is feasible in non-palpable breast lesions, with a low rate of reintervention and volumes of surgical specimens significantly lower than those obtained by wire localization.

Siliconoma mediastínico como complicación de implantes mamarios / Mediastinal siliconoma as a complication of breast implants

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